Area of bone regrowing materials has dynamically developed  in recent years, yet the most popular approach to bone regeneration is still the use of autografts and allografts. Though, alternative methods are gaining momentum as researchers have embarked on a quest for more biocompatible, cell-friendly materials that could replace autografts. One of them is a Hydroxyapatite (Hap), a bioactive ceramics that is used in the form of paste and granules to fill small bone defects. For large bone gaps regrowing there are still some challenges that need to be addressed, such as low regrowth rate, poor mechanical properties, high inflammatory risk and low resorption rate. Therefore the main objective of the current regeneration medicine projects is to develop the technology for bioactive scaffold with improved shape control, better mechanical properties, bioactivity and resorbability. Aforementioned goal can be achieved through production of nonstoichiometric nanoparticles of hydroxyapatite with grain size lower than 10nm and shape close to the natural Hap, which will be used as a material for bioactive, mechanically strong scaffolds. Such nanoparticles due to their calcium deficiency and high surface to volume ratio may achieve necessary solubility level and increased osteoblasts adhesion.

The Institute of High Pressure Physics of the Polish Academy of Science (IHPP) is an expert in synthesis of doped nanoparticles with narrow size distribution, at relatively low temperatures by using Microwave Solvothermal Synthesis (MSS) technology. The MSS technology permits synthesis of nanoparticles with precise control of reaction time, temperature and pressure.

By leveraging unique MSS technology for nanoparticles synthesis, IHPP is able to synthesize innovative HAp nanoparticles using the standard reaction between calcium hydroxide and phosphoric acid. The reaction is carried out in water solution in time lower than 5 minutes. The specific surface area is almost 240m²/g the average grain size lower than 10nm with shape in the form of platelets mimicking the natural bone particles. 28 days of degradation test conducted according to norm ISO 10993-14 indicated material solubility equal 20mg/dm³ [1, 2].

1. Smolen D, Chudoba T, Malka I, Kedzierska A, Lojkowski W, Swieszkowski W, Kurzydlowski KJ, Kolodziejczyk-Mierzynska M, Lewandowska-Szumiel M. Highly biocompatible, nanocrystalline hydroxyapatite synthesized in a solvothermal process driven by high energy density microwave radiation. International Journal of Nanomedicine 2013, 1-16.
2. Smolen D, Chudoba T, Gierlotka S, Kedzierska A, Lojkowski W, Sobczak K, Swieszkowski W, Kurzydlowski KJ. Hydroxyapatite nanopowder synthesis with a programmed resorption rate. Journal of Nanomaterials 2012, 1-9.

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