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PLASTIC PROPERTIES OF GaN AND Al₂O₃ CRYSTAL: FEM-SIMULATION OF NANOINDENTATION CONFIRMED BY HIGH-RESOLUTION MICROSCOPY

Roman Nowak ⁴, Timo Manninen ⁴, Kari Heiskanen ⁴, Ari Lehto ⁴, Fusahito Yoshida ^5,6, Mike Leszczynski ¹, Jozef Lelatko ³, Henryk Morawiec , Krzysztof J. Kurzydlowski ²

1. Polish Academy of Sciences, High Pressure Research Center (UNIPRESS), Sokolowska 29/37, Warszawa 01-142, Poland
2. Warsaw University of Technology, Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering (InMat), Wołoska 141, Warszawa 02-507, Poland
3. University of Silesia, Institute of Material Science, Bankowa 12, Katowice 40-007, Poland
4. Helsinki University of Technology, Materials Science & Rock Engineering (HUT / TKK), Vuorimiehentie 2 A, Espoo FIN 02015, Finland
5. Hiroshima University, Department oFaculty of Engineering (HU), Kagamiyama 1-4-1, Hiroshima 739, Japan
6. Hiroshima University, Faculty of Engineering, Kagamiyama 1-4-1, Hiroshima, Japan

Abstract

The elastic properties of GaN were evaluated by Schwarz et al.,¹ Yu et al.² and finally confirmed by Nowak's et al.³ nanoindentation testing that agreed with the earlier first principles calculations.⁴^-⁵ Our previous results run contrary a common expectation that GaN is particularly brittle material.³ Despite its high Young's modulus (295 GPa) and hardness (20 GPa), the nanoindentation stress-strain curves suggest elasto-plastic behaviour of the crystal. Consequently, the present research aims to resolve the surface deformation of GaN by using both microscopic observation of the surface features and structure, as well as finite element simulation of the nanoindentation deformation.
The HRTEM of the GaN structure revealed perfect atom arrangement in the crystals obtained by the self-seeding process under the pressure of 15x10⁸ Pa and supplied by High Pressure Research Centre. The AFM examination of residual impressions, led to registration of the profile of the deformed surface that was compared with the FEM-simulated surface pile up around indenter. This resulted in FEM-based correction of the yield point of GaN. The lack of indentation cracks and the pile-up served as a qualitative experimental proof of low-brittleness of GaN - predicted by numerical simulation.
The FEM-simulation of nanoindentation deformation of Al₂O₃ crystal was a proper comparison for a less-examined GaN and proved effectiveness of the analysis.⁶
1. R. Schwarz et al., Appl. Phys. Lett. 70, 1122 (1997)
2. G. Yu et al., J. Cryst. Growth 189, 701 (1998)
3. R. Nowak, M. Pessa, M. Suganuma, M. Leszczynski, I. Grzegory, S. Porowski and F. Yoshida, Appl. Phys. Lett. 75, 2070 (1999)
4. V. Fiorentini et al., Phys. Rev. B 47, 13353 (1993)
5. K. Shimada et al., Jap. J. Appl. Phys, 37, L1421 (1998).
6. R. Nowak, T. Manninen, K. Heiskanen, T. Sekino, A. Hikasa, K. Niihara and T. Takagi, Appl. Phys. Lett. 83, 5214 (2003)

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PLASTIC PROPERTIES OF GaN AND Al2O3 CRYSTAL: FEM-SIMULATION OF NANOINDENTATION CONFIRMED BY HIGH-RESOLUTION MICROSCOPY

Presentation: invited oral at E-MRS Fall Meeting 2004, Symposium H, by Roman Nowak See On-line Journal of E-MRS Fall Meeting 2004 Submitted: 2004-08-10 13:48 Revised: 2009-06-08 12:55

PLASTIC PROPERTIES OF GaN AND Al₂O₃ CRYSTAL: FEM-SIMULATION OF NANOINDENTATION CONFIRMED BY HIGH-RESOLUTION MICROSCOPY

Presentation: invited oral at E-MRS Fall Meeting 2004, Symposium H, by Roman Nowak
See On-line Journal of E-MRS Fall Meeting 2004

Submitted: 2004-08-10 13:48 Revised: 2009-06-08 12:55