The number of critical tissues defects caused by injury, cancer or aging of the world population, is increasing. Novel biodegradable biomaterial natural or synthetic might have broad applications in tissues regeneration. Scaffolds made of them could support regeneration of the damaged site and then, undergo complete degradation. The degradation rate of those biomaterials must be carefully adjusted to ensure mechanical stability of the scaffold when the new tissue is being formed. Moreover, the biomaterials should give proper micro- and nano-environment for stimulation of a new tissue formation.

The aim of the study was to show a high potential of using novel biomaterials for regeneration of different tissues. Biomaterials such as biodegradable polyesters, and their copolymers as well as composites comprised of synthetic polymers and bioceramics and/or natural polymers were analyzed for different applications. Several methods of processing of biodegradable materials such as blending, solid freeform fabrication, electrospinning have been investigated. These methods allowed fabrication of 3D porous micro and nano-structures, which could form scaffolds for new tissues formation. The structure, chemical and mechanical properties, and also biocompatibility and bioactivity of these 3D structures were analyzed.

In summary, the study shows that biodegradable materials have high potential to be utilized in tissue engineering of different tissues such as bones or nerves. However, designing and fabrication of the bioactive biomaterials with required properties over the time of exposure to implant conditions is still a big challenge.

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS: This work was partially financed by the European Regional Development Fund within the Innovative Economy Operational Programme in the frame of BIO-IMPLANT project - „Bioimplants for the treatment of bone tissue lesions in oncological patients” (POIG.01.01.02-00-022/09).

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