Rusztowania przeznaczone do regeneracji kości umożliwiają wzrost kości w przypadku, gdy ubytek jest zbyt duży, by mógł być zaleczony w sposób naturalny. Takie sytuacje są często spotykane w przypadku złamań, po resekcji nowotworu czy też chirurgii kości twarzoczaszki lub szczęki. Istniejące obecnie na rynku materiały nie spełniają wymagań stawianych przez lekarzy. Proces regeneracji zajmuje zbyt dużo czasu, przestrzeń ubytku wypełniana jest nie dość dokładnie, a ich mechaniczne właściwości są zbyt słabe. W praktyce często pojawiają się też procesy zapalne w miejscu ubytku, co utrudnia lub uniemożliwia proces gojenia.

Ludzka kość jest zbudowana w części przez kryształy hydroksyapatytu. Jednak hydroksyapatyt syntetyczny, dostępny na rynku, jest materiałem uznanym za nieresorbowalny przez organizm ludzki. W Laboratorium Nanostruktur dla fotoniki i nanomedycyny IWC PAN opracowano proces mikrofalowej syntezy, który umożliwia otrzymanie w pełni resorbowalnego nano-hydroksyapatytu „GoHAp”.

Testy rozpuszczalności proszku GoHAp, przeprowadzone zgodnie z Europejskimi Standardami ISO 10993-6: 2007 wykazały, że ma on dużo wyższą rozpuszczalność w porównaniu do komercjalnie dostępnego proszku hydroksyapatytu (NanoXIM). Struktura materiału analizowana była za pomocą transmisyjnej mikroskopii elektronowej (TEM) (Rys.1), a także z pomocą metod dyfrakcji rentgenowskiej. Otrzymano kryształy proszku o morfologii płytkowej, wielkości krystalitów od 5 do 30 nm, oraz powierzchni właściwej do 240 m²/g.

W ramach przeprowadzonych badań polimerowe rusztowanie pokryto nanoproszkiem hydroksyapatytu GoHAp z wykorzystaniem techniki ultradźwiękowej. Warstwa taka umożliwi narastanie komórek kostnych na jego powierzchni z powodu wysokiej biozgodności proszku.

Uzyskaną warstwę analizowano za pomocą skaningowej mikroskopii elektronowej (SEM) (Rys.2.), mikroskopii sił atomowych (AFM) oraz mikroanalizy rentgenowskiej (EDX). Powyższymi metodami określono teksturę, skład oraz wytrzymałość połączenia ceramika/polimer. Wyznaczono także wartość kąta zwilżania powierzchni dla wody. Na podstawie pomiaru metodą atomowej spektrometrii emisyjnej (ICP) oznaczono całkowitą zawartość naniesionego nanoproszku.

Rys. 1. Zdjęcie TEM nanoproszku hydroksyapatytu (GoHAp), otrzymanego w Instytucie Wysokich Ciśnień PAN.

Rys. 2. Zdjęcie SEM polimerowego rusztowania pokrytego nanoproszkiem hydroksyapatytu.

1. POSTER: Ultradźwiękowa technika pokrywania polimerowych rusztowań dla zastosowań biomedycznych, PDF document, version 1.4, 2.8MB

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