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Survey of fluoride level in underground water source and urban water distribution network in Qaemshahr city (North of IRAN) from 2006 to 2012 |
Hajar Boudaghi malidareh 1, Parisa Boudaghi Malidareh 2, Amir H. Mahvi 3, Amin Alinezhad 4 |
1. Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences.Health Department of Mazandaran., Sari 4816717887, Iran |
Abstract |
Fluoride is one of the fundamental and required components in human body. Fluoride concentration in underground water may arrive to several mg/lit because they transmit the fluoride-rich parts. The current study intends to survey the status of fluoride in underground water source and drinking water in Qaemshahr city from 2006 (march/21) to 2012(march/19) and comparison with universalstandards, national and climatic conditions.This is a descriptive and sectional study. Samples have been selected from active water wells and Urban water distribution network from 2006 to 2012 through accidental method. Samples were experimented in Qaemshahr water and wastewater department laboratory. Fluoride concentration in samples has been measured by DR2800 and SPADNS Fluoride Reagent Solution. The medium of maximum temperature in different seasons has been obtained from meteorology department. Then fluoride levels in several years have been compared to each other and to universal, national and climatic standards. Comparing to standards (MCLG , MCL and SDWR) , National standards of IRAN and according to climatic conditions, proper levels of fluoride were in underground water sources respectively ( 0.00 , 0.00 and 77 %) , (9 %) and (0.9 %) in spring , ( 0.00 , 0.00 and 79 %) , (17 %) and (6.5 %) in summer and , ( 0.00 , 0.00 and 74 %) , (13 %) and (0.00 %) in autumn and ( 0.00 , 0.00 and 66 %) , (13 %) and (0.00 %) in winter. Also in Urban water distribution network were respectively ( 0.00 , 0.00 and 84 %) , (3.2 %) and (3.2 %) in spring, ( 0.00 , 0.00 and 88 %) , (12.5 %) and (5 %) in summer, ( 0.00 , 0.00 and 69.4 %) , (8.3 %) and (0.00 %) in autumn and ( 0.00 , 0.00 and 73.3 %) , (0.00 %) and (0.00 %) in winter . In most cases the Fluoride levels in studied city were lower than universal standards, national and climatic conditions. It is recommended that adding fluoride to food chain of the studied citizens should be noticed by the relevant authorities. |
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Presentation: Oral at XXXth Conference of the International Society for Fluoride Research, by Hajar Boudaghi malidarehSee On-line Journal of XXXth Conference of the International Society for Fluoride Research Submitted: 2012-06-29 20:03 Revised: 2012-08-30 20:04 |