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Freezing process a new approach for fluoride removal

Sara Sadat Hosseini ,  Amir H. Mahvi ,  Seied Amir Hosseini 

Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 0098, Iran

Abstract

Drinking water provides many elements for the human body. One of these elements in drinking water is fluoride which has adverse health impacts in high concentrations especially for babies. In this regard, the concentration of fluoride must be kept below the drinking water standards. There are different processes for removal of fluoride from water such as: Coagulation, Precipitation, Adsorption, Ion exchange and Membrane processes.

In this study a new approach for fluoride removal using freezing process is experienced. Drinking water samples with different concentrations of fluoride were prepared. Each water sample was set in a freezer. The samples were allowed to be frozen partially. The ice crystals were separated from the solutions. The liquid part is discharged and the ice crystals were left in room temperature to melt down. This portion of water was analyzed for fluoride concentration. The research showed that, applying partial freezing process on water samples will result on the fluoride concentration to be reduced to the standard drinking water levels. In this method, about 20% of the initial volume of water will be produced with low fluoride concentration.

Since, most households do have a refrigerator; therefore, this method is very easily accessible and environmental friendly with regard to other treatment processes. Because, the quantity of drinking water consumed by infants and babies is about 1-2 liter per day per person, preparation of this much water by freezing process is easy, so, it seems this method is the best way for fluoride removal at homes.

 

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Related papers

Presentation: Oral at XXXth Conference of the International Society for Fluoride Research, by Sara Sadat Hosseini
See On-line Journal of XXXth Conference of the International Society for Fluoride Research

Submitted: 2012-05-26 14:41
Revised:   2012-07-20 15:15