Spatiotemporal variations of fluoride (F) from 2003 to 2010 in groundwater of Larestan and Gerash region in Iran were monitored employing Mann-Kendall trend test and a geospatial information system (GIS). The annual precipitation had a negative but not significant relation with the mean concentrations of F in the wells of eight cities (Pearson's r = -0.512, p = 0.195) and thirty-one villages (r = -0.545, p = 0.259) for the eight-year period. Results of Mann-Kendall trend test revealed that there is a trend in the series of 1 city and 11 village's individual-wells for the eight-year period (significant level alpha = 0.05). Moreover, spatiotemporal variations of fluoride were relatively constant over the years. Besides, in 2003 to 2010, 62.8, 63.2, 63.4, 62.8, 62.4, 62.7, 58.9, and 59.5 percent of the Larestan and Gerash region areas had fluoride concentrations beyond the maximum permissible standard F level of 1.4 mg/l. Accordingly, effective protective measures, cost-effective interventions, and compliance monitoring—monthly monitoring—should be considered, especially in unsafe contaminated areas up to achieve a standard level.

• Legal notice:
  

  Copyright (c) Pielaszek Research, all rights reserved.
  The above materials, including auxiliary resources, are subject to Publisher's copyright and the Author(s) intellectual rights. Without limiting Author(s) rights under respective Copyright Transfer Agreement, no part of the above documents may be reproduced without the express written permission of Pielaszek Research, the Publisher. Express permission from the Author(s) is required to use the above materials for academic purposes, such as lectures or scientific presentations.
  In every case, proper references including Author(s) name(s) and URL of this webpage: https://science24.com/paper/28177 must be provided.

1. Hypertension and Drinking Water Fluoride? Is There a Relationship?
2. Fluoride Level of 18 Bottled Drinking Water Brands on the Iran Market
3. Ion Chromatography method for determination of inorganic anions in Iranian bottled drinking waters
4. Survey of fluoride level in underground water source and urban water distribution network in Qaemshahr city (North of IRAN) from 2006 to 2012
5. Determination of Fluoride Content in Plant Distillates Using Spectrophotometry
6. Removal of Fluoride from Aqueous Solution by Biosorption onto Sargassum Biomass
7. Evaluation of Flouride Content in Sanandaj Botteld Water, Iran
8. Fluoride adsorption from aqueous systems using barley husk and barley husk ash
9. Defluorination of water by acid modified clinoptilolite
10. Adsorption of Fluoride on Modified Fly Ash from Aqueous Solution
11. Experimental Design and Response Surface Modeling for Optimization of Fluoride Removal from Water by Moringa Oleifera Seed Extract
12. Fluoride removal using agricultural waste; Rice Husk as a low-cost adsorbent
13. Application of Response Surface Methodology for Optimization of Fluoride Removal from Aqueous Solutions by Modified Wheat Straw
14. Freezing process a new approach for fluoride removal
15. Evaluation of ground water fluoride concentration in Hamadan province, Iran
16. Fluoride removal by Electrocoagulation Process Using Iron and Aluminum Electrodes 
17. Fluoride concentration in Qom drinking water supplies and DMFT index of 12 years old students
18. Fluoride adsorption by Pumice from aqueous solutions
19. Determination of Fluoride concentration of powder milk in Iran 2010