High levels of fluoride in drinking waters due to anthropogenic and natural sources, is one of the major human health risk of some communities around the world. Different methods and solutions have been suggested for fluoride reduction in drinking water. Among these methods adsorption process has been wildly applied and efficient results have been obtained. Agricultural wastes have been of interest for water and wastewater remediation due to their low cost, availability, abundance and echo-friendly. The aim of this work was application of response surface methodology for optimization of fluoride removal from aqueous solutions by modified wheat straw. In this study, the response surface methodology based on Box-Behnken design with 4 operating variables (initial pH, contact time, adsorbent dose and initial fluoride concentration), 3 levels and 3 replicates at the center points was employed. Altogether 27 runs were selected. Evaluation of the model using ANOVA showed that the model is statically significant and high value of R² (98%) confirmed its adequacy. At optimum condition, prediction of 94% of fluoride removal was obtained at initial pH of 6.49, adsorbent dose of 54.6 g/L, initial fluoride concentration of 2.42 mg/L and contact time 106 min. It is concluded that adsorption by modified wheat straw is an efficient and reliable method for fluoride reduction from liquid solutions.

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