One of the aims of tissue engineering is to provide means for self-regeneration of tissues which requires reconstruction due to pathology, trauma or surgery (eg.: tumor resection). Important examples of this approach are devices intended to support regeneration of bones. The design investigated in our project is based on the idea of porous biomaterials - scaffolds - that are strong enough to maintain the mechanical function of the bone segment and in parallel can act as a support for osteoblast proliferation. Depending on the application, degradable or non-degradable materials are desired.

In this work, a technique has been elaborated to synthesize highly porous polymeric scaffolds of controlled pore size, based on non-degradable poly(methyl methacrylate) - PMMA - and degradable poly(ε-caprolactone) - PCL.

It has been found that both kinds of products can be sterilized by ionizing radiation. In order to utilize this possibility in an efficient and controllable way, mechanisms of the underlying radiation-chemical processes have been studied in some detail, using the techniques of pulse radiolysis, laser light scattering, sol-gel analysis, spectrophotometry and viscometry. In case of PCL, irradiation causes an additional effect - cross-linking - that leads to an improvement of the mechanical properties of the scaffold.

In parallel to radiation-chemical studies, first steps towards the target application have been made. Porous, sterile scaffolds of PMMA and PCL were subjected to in vitro studies as supports for cell cultures. It was found that that the products exhibit no cytotoxicity towards fibroblasts and that the osteoblast cells can be efficiently cultured at the surface and in the pores of the scaffolds.

This work has been financed by The Polish State Committee for Scientific Research (grant No 05/PBZ-KBN-082/T08/2002/05) and International Atomic Energy Agency (POL/6/007 and 11513/RO).

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