Due to the growing offer of candidate biomaterials there is a need of reliable, effective and quick biocompatibility tests. In this respect alternative techniques seem to be an attractive tool which significantly limits the number of experimental implantations to animal tissues. Moreover, it seems that testing procedures in vitro make possible observations of such aspects of implant-tissue interaction, which are difficult to observe by routine methods.
Three examples of original procedures for examination of biomaterials for bone tissue reconstruction are shown, each of them concentrated on a particular aspect of implant-bone interaction, i.e.:
- micromotion which exist between load-bearing implants and host bone -
experimental simulation of the mutual implant-tissue displacement in cell culture has been proposed, followed by a brief discussion of its influence on human bone derived cells (HBDCs) cultured on the surface of titanium, hydroxyapatite and alumina.
- elastic strain of metallic stem of endoprosthesis induced by a loading - influence of elastic strain applied to the Ti6Al4V samples on HBDs cultured on their surface is examined in order to confirm that osteoblasts in vitro are effected by elastic strain of metallic support. This may be one of the factors responsible for the loosening of endoprosthesis.
- presence of wear particles in tissue adjacent to implant - the method for observation of biomaterial particles phagocytosis by cells in culture by means of electron microprobe has been proposed as an instrument for detecting the risk of undesirable elements appearance near the implants.
Finally, using alternative techniques as an invaluable assistance in tissue engineering seems a promising perspective for both the development of biomaterials and alternative methods.

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