5-Fluorouracil is used to treat many types of cancers, such as breast, ovarian, colon and gastric cancers. The antitumor activity of this medicine as a single agent is low (approximately 40%), therefore it is used mainly in polytherapy.
A new idea has been observed in scientific publications to enhance effectiveness of anticancer drugs through combined treatments with naturally occurring chemopreventive agents. Using natural compounds increases efficacy of anticancer treatment and decreases toxicity in normal cells. Such compounds are for example isothiocyantes, which inhibit early stages of carcinogenesis and post-initiated stages of the process. In vitro studies show that they potentiate the activity of the anticancer drugs e.g, 5-fluorouracil, oksaliplatin and doxorubicine.

The aim of this study was to investigate the type of interaction between 5-fluouracil and the synthetic isothiocyanate – allysin – in two colon cancer and two breast cancer cell lines after concurrent treatment.
The study was performed on cancer cell lines: breast one (MDA-231 and MCF-7) and colon one (Caco-2and Ht-29). The cytotoxic effects of single 5-fluorouracil or isothiocyanate treatments and their combination were evaluated by the MTT assay. There was used a concurrent scheme. The cells were treated with both alyssin and 5-fluorouracil for 72 hours. The types of interaction were determined through the median effect analysis as described by Chou and Talalay and only when cytotoxicity of the combination was more than 50%.

Synergic types of interaction between isothiocyanate and 5-fluorouracil were observed in breast cell lines. The cytotoxic effects of combination of 5-fluorouracil and alyssin were stronger than the effects of single treatments.
In one colon cell  line – Caco-2 – there were observed additive effects (cytotoxicity between 50% and 60%) and antagonism (cytotoxicity of more than 60%). In the second colon cell line – HT-29 – there was noticed antagonism of the tested compounds.
In conclusion, allysin potentates the anticancer activity of 5-fluorouracil in breast cancer cells lines.

The project was supported by the National Science Centre, Poland N/NZ5/02634.
The publication was co-financed from  the European Union funds by the European Social Fund.

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