Epinephrine [(R)-(-)-1-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-2-methylamino-ethanol] is known to exhibit high affinity to β-adrenergic receptors. It is released from the adrenal medulla and can be found in central as well as in peripheral nervous system. Epinephrine is a "fight-or-flight" hormone, and plays a central role in the short-term stress reaction when danger threatens or in an emergency. When secreted into the bloodstream, it rapidly prepares the body for action in emergency situations. It increases heart rate and stroke volume, dilates the pupils, and constricts arterioles in the skin and gut while dilating arterioles in skeletal muscles. It elevates the blood sugar level by increasing catalysis of glycogen to glucose in the liver, and at the same time begins the breakdown of lipids in fat cells [1]. Epinephrine is used as a drug to treat anaphylactic shock (e.g. after insect stings or adverse reaction to medication) , cardiac arrest and other cardiac arrhythmias resulting in diminished or absent cardiac output.

As a method of S enatiomer determination European Pharmacopeia 5.0 recommends specific rotation measurement. Since specific rotation is a parameter depending on several factors which often are difficult to control (e.g. optically active impurities) new methods such as capillary electrophoresis [2,3] and high performance liquid chromatography [4] are being developed.

In the present communication we report the application of chiral stationary phase high performance liqud chromatography to the enantiomeric purity determination of epinephrine in pharmaceutical substances and preparations.

[1] W. F. Boron, E. L. Boulpaep. “Medical Physiology: A Cellular And Molecular Approach”. Elsevier/Saunders ed., Philadelphia, PA, 2005, ISBN 1-4160-2328-3.
[2] S. Wei, G. Song, J. M. Lin. J. Chromatogr. A Separation and determination of norepinephrine, epinephrine and isoprenaline by capillary electrophoresis in pharmaceutical formulation and human serum. 1098, 166-171 (2005).
[3] H. Li, W. Luo, X. Hu. Se Pu.Chin. J. Chromatogr. Determination of enantiomeric purity for epinephrine by high performance liquid chromatography. 17, 403-405 (1999).
[4] M. H. Hyun, S. C. Han, B. H. Lipshutz, Y.-J. Shin, C. J. Welch. J. Chromatogr. A Liquid chromatographic resolution of racemic amines, amino alcohols and related compounds on a chiral crown ether stationary phase. 959, 75-83 (2002).

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