Confocal microscopy is an advanced modification of optical microscope. It has been widely used in cell biology however, recently it has been applied also in pharmaceutical research. Confocal microscope allows obtaining pictures of greater resolution and contrast. Moreover it allows for a quantitative measurement of fluorescence. The also very useful feature is its ability to optical sectioning allowing for 3D shape reconstruction what enables also an in-depth sca- nning. All this features make a confocal microscope a promising tool in pharmaceutical science.

Still scanty literature describes a successful application of confocal microscopy in imaging of various pharmaceutical systems including microspheres, colloidal systems, tablets and film coatings. The study includes: the assessment of internal structure of microspheres, quality of coating and also 3D imaging of tablets surface, moreover the active substance distribution and pH change within the microspheres, tablets or bioadhesives. The microscope allows also for time-dependent measurements, e.g live imaging of process of dissolution or interactions of dosage forms with biological barriers. With help of the confocal microscope intracellular or intratissue distribution of drugs can be successfully studied.

The results of our own attempts in confocal microscope application in pharmaceutical research will be presented. The study was performed with help of Olympus IX70 FV500 confocal microscope equipped with Ar laser (488nm) as a light source. The confocal microscope was used to visualize drug crystals and particles suspended in solution. The measurement and assessment of shape, size and quality of insulin crystal surfaces was performed. Also the application of confocal microscope in drug intracellular distribution will be presented. It was possible to study a dose-depend penetration in time of fluorescent cytostatic drugs, adriamycin and its derivative, into the human melanoma ME-18 cells.

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