Lithium-titanium oxide Li₄Ti₅O₁₂ of spinel structure is one of the promising negative electrode (anode) material to replace a costly and unsafe graphite. Li₄Ti₅O₁₂ (LTO) is cheaper and more safe compared to graphite, due to high potential of 1.55 V versus Li/Li⁺ which prevent metallic lithium plating on negative electrode during overcharge. Owing to no structural change during lithiation and delithiation processes („zero-strain” electrode) the material shows excellent cyclability. However, Li₄Ti₅O₁₂ suffers from lower theoretical specific capacity compared to graphite, which is 175 mAh/g and its insulating character, which prevents using it in high current applications. The conductivity of LTO spinel can be greatly improved by various surface modifications, cation doping or preparing this material in the nanocrystalline form.

In this context, we have prepared nanocrystalline lithium-titanium oxide (Li₄Ti₅O₁₂) and modified its surface using silver metalic nanoparticles. Also our studies demonstrate, that highly dispersed Ag nanoparticles on the surface of Li₄Ti₅O₁₂ grains, greatly improve their high-rate capability and cyclability.

All the obtained powders have been characterized by a numbers of methods: X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), Raman spectroscopy, X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM). Also the electrochemical tests were performed.

References: 

M. Krajewski, M. Michalska, B. Hamankiewicz, D. Ziolkowska, K. P. Korona, J. B. Jasinski, M. Kaminska, L. Lipinska, A. Czerwinski: Li₄Ti₅O₁₂ modified with Ag nanoparticles as an advanced anode material in lithium-ion batteries, Journal of Power Sources 245, (2014), 764-771.

Acknowledgments:

This work was supported by The National Science Centre through the research grant DEC-2011/03/N/ST5/04389. M. Michalska would like to thank for the scholarship awarded by the Mazovia Voivodeship Office through the Scientific Potential for the Economy of Mazovia PhD Program, co-funded by the European Social Fund.

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