The number of previous studies have proved that exposure of rats to sodium fluoride has detrimental effects on tissues and cells. Significant impact of fluoride on pathomorphological changes in organs is largely associated with the interference in oxidative processes. The addition of some substances to diet can reduce the consequences of the NaF-induced oxidative stress.

The main purpose of this research was to assess the influence of lipoic acid and antioxidant vitamins A and E on selected enzymes associated with protein metabolism and their impact on the morphological picture of kidneys of rat intoxicated with sodium fluoride

The study was conducted on Wistar 24 rats (adult female). The animals were divided into 4 groups. The control group received distilled water. Rats from the studied groups (1^st, 2^nd and 3^rd) were orally administered NaF at a dose of 10.0 mg /kg body mass/ 24h. Rats from the 2^nd group were additionally administered a lipolic acid at a daily dose of 70 mg/kg. The 3^rd group was administered vitamin E at a daily dose of 3 mg per rat, vitamin A at a daily dose of 250 IU per rat and lipoic acid at a dose as above. The experiment lasted for 7 weeks. Afterwards, the rats were intraperitoneally anesthetized with thiopental at a dose of 30 mg per rat. At autopsy, the kidneys were taken for histopathological examination and some fragments of organs were collected for biochemical analyses. 10% of these parts served as homogenates, in which the activity of metabolism enzyme proteins such as: aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), γ-glutamyltranspeptidase (GGTP), were determined. Total protein concentration and total antioxidative status (TAS) were also estimated. Slides made by the normal paraffin method, stained with hematoxilin and eosin (H-E) were prepared to assess pathomorphological changes in the organs.

Sodium fluoride exposure of rats had detrimental effects on the examined biochemical parameters. Statistically significant increase in the activity of GGTP, AST, ALT and decrease in TAS was noted in kidneys in the group exposed to NaF. The administration of lipoic acid in combination with or without vitamins A and E, during simultaneous administration of NaF, caused positive changes in the activity of AST and ALT, and it also re-established the concentration of TAS in kidneys of control group.

The regressive changes and circulation disorders were accompanying the biochemical changes observed after exposure to fluoride. The co-administration of antioxidants had positive influence on morphological changes in kidneys, which resulted from fluoride exposure.

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