In search for donor-acceptor dyads capable of photoinduced charge separation, being thus suitable for constructing organic photovoltaic elements, we examined self assembly of C₆₀ adduct of imidazole via complex formation with Zn porphyrins in the Langmuir and Langmuir-Blodgett, LB, films. The Langmuir films of the C₆₀-imidazole adduct, C₆₀im, were prepared at the interfaces of air and aqueous subphase solution of water-soluble porphyrins, viz. Zn tetrakis (N-methylpiridyl)porphyrin cation, Zn(TMPyP), or Zn tetrakis (4-sulfonatophenyl)porphyrin anion, Zn(TPPS). In effect, relatively stable donor-acceptor dyads of C₆₀im-Zn(TMPyP) and C₆₀im-Zn(TPPS) were formed in the interfacial films. Comparison of the determined and calculated values of area per molecule, being dependent on the composition of the subphase solution, indicated that dyads were oriented with their porphyrin macrocycles in plane of the air-solution interface. Two control experiments indirectly confirmed that dyads were formed through axial coordination at the air-water interface. In the first experiment, spreading properties of the ligand-containing adduct floating on the surface of water or aqueous solution of Zn(TMPyP) were compared with those floating on solutions of free-base porphyrin, TMPyP. In the second one, spreading behavior of adducts containing imidazole ligand, C₆₀im, was compared with that of a blank adduct, viz. that containing a phenyl substitutent, C₆₀ph, floating on the surface of water or aqueous solution of Zn(TMPyP). Calculated by molecular modeling thickness of the Langmuir films was in accord with that determined by ellipsometry. The Langmuir films were transferred, by using the LB technique, onto different solid substrates for spectroscopic, microscopic, electroanalytical and photochemical characterization. It appeared that the Zn porphyrins were transferred together with the adduct onto solid substrates. Orientation of the dyad molecules in the LB films was detemined by IR spectroscopy. Molecularly modeled hexagonal packing and thickness of the LB films was in accord with that measured by the STM imaging and determined by ellipsometry, respectively. The electrochemical redox states of the dyads were established by performing simultaneous cyclic voltammetry and piezoelectric microgravimetry measurements on the LB films deposited on the Au-quartz electrodes. Time-resolved emission studies of the fullerene-(Zn porphyrin) LB films revealed efficient quenching of the singlet-excited Zn porphyrin. Based on the free-energy calculations and dyad orientation in the film, this quenching was attributed to vectorial electron transfer within the dyad.

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