Organic synthesis is still the main way to produce pharmaceuticals. Among the reactions used for transformations of substrates into final products, especially important are those in which the abstraction of proton from C, O, N, S, etc. acids under the action of bases results in the formation of the corresponding anions. These anions, being nucleophilic agents enter a variety of reactions with electrophilic partners. It is obvious, that proper selection of the base-solvent system used for reactions induced by bases is of crucial importance.

Phase Transfer Catalysis (PTC) seems to be the most general, efficient and environment-friendly methodology of performing organic reactions in which organic and inorganic anions react with organic substrates. According to this methodology reactions are performed in immiscible two-phase systems. One phase (inorganic) is a source of inorganic anions (if they are available as salts) or base for generation of organic anions. The salts or base are most often used as aqueous solutions, or less frequently in the form of powdered solids. The second (organic) phase contains organic reactants, usually neat or sometimes in appropriate solvents. Upon introduction of a catalyst – tetraalkylammonium salt – continuous transfer of reacting anions, present or produced in the interfacial region, into the organic phase in the form of lipophilic ion pairs with the catalyst cation takes place. All further reactions occur in the organic phase.

Basic concept, special features, numerous and important advantages of PTC, its applications in pharmaceutical industry and perpectives for the future will be presented.

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