Consumption of pharmaceuticals in Poland is fairly high in comparison to other European countries. The most often prescribed are cardiovascular drugs. In recent years high concentrations of cardiovascular drugs were detected in municipal wastewaters and surface waters. Due to quite high hydrophilic properties of these drugs, apparently they are not completely eliminated during wastewater treatment processes. In a consequence they reach surface waters and tap waters, making a real threat to aquatic organisms and humans, respectively. Consequences of chronic and constant exposure to low concentration of active compounds with similar mode of action remains unknown. Unlikely to parent compounds, the presence of cardiovascular metabolites is rarely investigated in surface waters. The main reason for that is their low commercial availability or high prices of standards.

The goal of this paper was to develop the method for detection of metabolites of selected
β-blockers: metoprolol, bisoprolol and propranolol. These metabolites were obtained by incubation of parents compounds with S9 rat’s liver fraction. The fraction contains cellular cytosol as well as endoplasmic reticulum, where metabolically active enzymes are located. The obtained metabolites were used for development and optimization of the LC-MS/MS method utilized for detection of selected metabolites in surface waters. Solid phase extraction (SPE) was selected to extract metabolites from water matrix. For this purpose Oasis HLB cartridges (Waters) were used which allowed 500-fold samples concentration.

Project was founded by National Science Centre, Poland, grant no DEC-2011/03/B/NZ7/00751.

 References:

1.      K. Fent, A.A. Weston, D. Caminada, Aquat Toxicol 76 (2006) 122-159.

2.      K. Kümmerer, J Environ Management 90 (2009) 2354-2366.

3.      E. Zuccato, R. Bagnati, F. Fioretti, M. Natangelo, D. Calamari, R. Fanelli, 1^st Ed.        Springer, Berlin. (2002) 19-27.

4.      H. Goossens, M. Ferech, RV. Stichele, M. Elseviers, Lancet 265 (2005) 579-587.

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