The appearance of radioactive isotopes in the natural environment is very dangerous phenomenon leading to radioactive contamination. The main causes of radioactive contamination include: improper storage of radioactive materials, radioactive leakage from nuclear installations, emissions of radioactive gases as a result of the explosion at the nuclear power plant and falling of radioactive substances from a cloud of radioactive nuclear explosion after a bomb explosion. To acquire raw materials from such environment and using them in various industries can have a disastrous impact on human life. One such example is the acquisition of plants and herbs for the preparation of medicinal products. This situation may occur when the plant material is derived from radioactively contaminated areas. This applies mainly to the isotope ¹³⁷Cs. Half-life of this isotope is long enough to be deposited in the soil and plants for many years. Trial nuclear explosions in the atmosphere have caused widespread presence of fission and activation products in the environment. It is estimated that about 9,6 x10¹⁷ Bq of ¹³⁷Cs has been put into the atmosphere, with 76 % of it  deposited in the northern hemisphere .

The spectrum of gamma radiation and radioactivity of ¹³⁷Cs in plant medicines available in pharmacies and plant products of unknown origin were measured. The aim of our interest comprised plant materials such as dried bilberry fruit, red blueberry and swamp cranberry. In addition, the dose of radioactivity of dried mushrooms obtained from south-east Poland (Bieszczady Mountains, Solska forest) was estimated as well.

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