Nanoparticle assemblies have recently attracted considerable interest because of their potential applications in the field of nanoelectronics, nanophotonics and other various nanodevices. To realize novel devices utilizing ‘nano-specific’ phenomena and effects, it is necessary to develop a method for programmable assembly of nanoparticles into one-, two- or three-dimensional arrays with nano-meter precision. Recently, DNA has attracted much attention as a powerful tool for controlling the assembly of nanoparticles because it offers programmability in the arrangement of nanoparticles through base sequence design. Here, we demonstrate the formation of two-dimensional superlattice using DNA-functionalized gold nanoparticles (DNA-AuNPs) on supported lipid bilayer (SLB).

  As shown in Figure 1, a set of nanoparticles bind each other via DNA single strands, which are attached on nanoparticles, through DNA hybridization: the process of two complementary single-stranded DNA molecules and allowing them to form a double-stranded molecule through Watson-Crick base-pairing rules. DNA strands play a determining role in the inter-particle bonding; that allows for control of particle coordination and inter-particle distances. By this technique, three-dimensional nanoparticle superlattices have already been made [1]. To assemble two-dimensional nanoparticle superlattice using DNA-AuNPs, we figured out to utilize surface adsorption and two-dimensional diffusion of DNA-AuNPs on SLB. Our approach is outlined in Figure 2. Firstly DNA-AuNPs adsorb on SLB (left). Secondly making DNA-AuNPs diffuse laterally via lipid molecules (middle). Finally binding DNA-AuNPs together through DNA hybridization and assembling two-dimensional superlattice of nanoparticles on SLB (right). Owing to the high mobility of lipid molecules, two-dimensional diffusion of DNA-AuNPs adsorbed on SLB was achieved with annealing. Using this method, we have succeeded in forming densely-packed single-layered two-dimensional superlattice of DNA-AuNPs which have a structure such as polycrystal.

[1] R. J. Macfarlane et al., Science, 334 (2011) 204-208.

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