Antibacterial activities have previously been demonstrated on oral bacteria with inorganic antibacterial agents (ABAs) after their incorporation into an experimental self-etching primer (ESP) before its curing. The aim of the present study was to assess their biocompatibility and antibacterial activity after curing.

6 ABAs (basic magnesium hypochlorite, ZnOw AT-83, ZnOw AT-88, Longbei antibiotic, Antim-AMS2 and IONPURE-H) were incorporated respectively into ESP for treating specimens. After light-curing, their bactericidal activities on Streptococcus mutans and influences to the early bacterial colonization were assessed by direct contact and viable count. Systemic toxicity was evaluated in rats after short-term oral exposure and cytotoxicity was assessed by direct contact in vitro tests with NIH fibroblasts.

Incorporation of ZnOw AT-83, Longbei antibiotic, Antim-AMS2 or IONPURE-H significantly enhanced the antibacterial effect of ESP after curing, even after 1 month aging. Specimens treated by ESP with ZnOw AT-83, Longbei antibiotic or Antim-AMS2 showed slightly less bacterial adhesion than control. Animal experiments revealed neither toxic manifestations nor significant differences in body weight gain between control animals and exposed groups. Cell vitality or proliferation rates were ranged from 76% to 100% with respect to controls. Basic magnesium hypochlorite, ZnOw AT-83 and ZnOw AT-88 were the less toxic agents. Toxicity only existed in areas beneath the specimens and/or in the direct vicinity of the specimen edge. There was no influence on the cell density over the limit of specimens.

The here tested ABAs can be effectively incorporated in ESP to provide antibacterial activity against S. mutans. ZnOw AT-83 was the most promising one.

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