In order to prevent the increasing frequency of per-operative infections, bioceramics can be loaded with anti-bacterial agents, which are released with respect to their chemical characteristics. HA was elaborated with specific internal porosities and then tested on its microbiological effectiveness. Unpolished dense HA wafers and with micro- and meso-porosities were used for the antibacterial tests on S. aureus, S. epidermidis and E. coli. HA samples were impregnated for 7.5, 15, 60 min and 24 h with Vancomycine, Ciprofloxacine and Gentamycine. The ATB effectiveness was studied in PBS and in human plasma by the disk and liquid agar diffusion tests. The impregnation time plays a significant role for the duration of release and for the antibacterial efficiency, which was longer but not higher for the higher concentration. The ATB impregnated micro-porous HA induced significantly stronger and longer anti-bacterial effects than meso-porous samples, the antibacterial effect of dense samples was very short for all ATBs. The most important difference in the duration of the ATBs effectiveness was observed with the release media. The ATB release in PBS is slow and the antibacterial effectiveness prolonged with respect to the ATB and/or the bacterial strain. When extracted in the physiologically more relevant human plasma, the antibacterial effect was not longer than 72 h. This arise the question about the relevance of PBS or other so-called physiological buffers. The micro-porosity stimulates significantly the increase the adsorption capacity, and prolongs the release time of bioactive molecules such as antibiotics, even under strongly realistic physiological conditions. These efficiencies will now be improved to prolong the effect of bioactive molecules by physical or chemical properties.

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