HA with specific internal porosities was loaded with different antibiotics (ATBs) and then tested on its microbiological effectiveness. The HA purity was controlled with X-ray diffraction, IR and Raman spectrometry. Micro- and meso-porosities were obtained by varying the sintering temperature and/or adding graphite and PMMA as porogenous agents. The biological tests concerned cell viability, proliferation and morphology (SEM), and the cytochemical staining of actin and vinculin. The micro- and meso-porous HA samples had an internal pore size of 1-10 µm and 10-50 µm respectively. X-Ray Diffraction and FTIR confirmed the high purity of the HA. The cell viability tests with L132 cells confirmed the excellent cyto-compatibility of HA, the graphite powder and the ATB Vancomycine. Proliferation rate was assessed with MC3T3-E1 osteoblasts. All HA samples produced a higher proliferation than the controls; the micro-porous HA inducing the highest cell growth. The ATB impregnated HA also stimulated cell proliferation but in lower extend. Cytochemical staining of osteoblasts revealed a well developed cytoskeleton with strong stress fibres. Labelling of the focal adhesion contacts with anti-vinculin showed a less developed adhesion process in the cells on the different HA substrates. It was possible to realize a highly pure Hydroxyapatite with different but controlled porosities by varying the sintering temperature and/or by porogenous agents. This purity and the micro-porosity stimulate significantly cell growth. These efficiencies will now be improved by other methods of functionalization for controllable drug delivery system in the HA porosity volume.

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