The carbon paste electrodes (CPEs) have been employed in a variety of applications such as analysis of numerous organic and inorganic compounds. Typically, the body of CPE is composed of graphite particles and non-conducting non-polar organic liquid like Nujol, silicone oil or high liquid hydrocarbon [1, 2]. One of the way of CPE modification is the dissolution of a redox probe in a binder [2]. Recently, we have presented electroactive CPE prepared with the redox probe solution in the organic polar solvent as the binder [3]. The structure of CPE, where small aggregates of graphite particles and polar organic phase in contact with an aqueous solution, give possibility to formation of three-phase junction: graphite particle / polar solvent / aqueous solution.

We will present new type of elecroactive CPE with conducting binder (room temperature ionic liquid, RTIL). It exhibits electrochemical signal connected with electrode reaction of the redox probe (tert-butylferrocene) dissolved in RTIL. The efficiency of the electrode process is much larger than that of similar CPE modified with the redox probe solution in less viscous organic polar solvent. It could be connected with the presence of conducting organic phase, and as a consequence with the enlargement of reaction zone from the three-phase junction to two-phase junction: graphite particle / RTIL. Moreover, the midpeak potential depends on the hydrophobicity of the anion present in the aqueous solution indicating significant contribution of anion injection into the ionic liquid following the electron transfer. In addition, this electrode exhibits sensitivity towards the concentration of anion in the aqueous phase.

[1] R. N. Adams, Anal. Chem., 30 (1958) 1576.
[2] I. Svancara, K. Vytras, J. Barek, J. Zima, Crit. Rev. Anal. Chem., 31 (2001) 311.
[3] G. Shul, M. Opallo, Electrochem. Commun., 7 (2005) 194.

• Legal notice:
  

  Copyright (c) Pielaszek Research, all rights reserved.
  The above materials, including auxiliary resources, are subject to Publisher's copyright and the Author(s) intellectual rights. Without limiting Author(s) rights under respective Copyright Transfer Agreement, no part of the above documents may be reproduced without the express written permission of Pielaszek Research, the Publisher. Express permission from the Author(s) is required to use the above materials for academic purposes, such as lectures or scientific presentations.
  In every case, proper references including Author(s) name(s) and URL of this webpage: https://science24.com/paper/4387 must be provided.

1. BIOPHOSENS: Carbon nanomaterials based electrochemical biosensor for detection of highly toxic organophosphate pesticides
2. Titanium dioxide nanotube and enzyme-enhanced photo-bio-fuel cell
3. Ascorbic acid-oxygen biofuel cell and  zinc-oxygen cell based on carbon-silicate biocathode
4. A role of phosphonium-phosphate ionic liquid in anion-sensing mechanism at toluene-modified electrode
5. One-step reduction and functionalization of graphene oxide sheets using biomimetic dopamine derivatives
6. Electrosynthesis of Ionic Liquid Covalently Bounded to Mesoporous Silicate at a Three Phase Junction Electrode|Liquid|Liquid
7. Pyrene functionalised single-walled carbon nanotubes for bioelectrocatalysis
8. Bioelectrocatalytic electrode obtained by layer-by-layer assembling of sol-gel processed ionic liquid and hydrophilic carbon nanoparticles and adsorbed bilirubine oxidase
9. Multistep electroreduction of fullerene C₆₀ in 1,2-dichlorobenzene-water biphasic system
10. A facile preparation of the nanoparticulate film from conductive and nonconductive particles of the opposite charge
11. Bilirubin oxidase modified carbon ceramic electrode for bioelectrocatalytic reduction of dioxygen supplied from gas phase
12. Bioelectrocatalytic dioxygen reduction at carbon nanotubes – silicate composite film modified electrode
13. Driving ion transfer across the toluene (trihexyl(tetradecyl)-phosphonium tris(pentafluoroethyl)trifluoro-phosphate) | water (electrolyte) interface with the MnTPP(III/II) redox system
14. Covalently bonded ionic liquid modified electrodes
15. Scanning electrochemical microscopy study of laccase embedded in sol-gel processed silicate film
16. Biphasic electrochemistry of ionic liquids deposited on the electrode surface
17. Ion transfer electrodes based on carbon nanofibers embedded in silicate film modified with room temperature ionic liquid
18. Nanoobjects embedded in silicate films for biphasic electrodes
19. Electrocatalytic reduction of dioxygen by redox mediator and laccase immobilised in silicate thin film
20. Silicate Modified Electrodes for Chemical Sensing
21. Carbon Ceramic Electrode Modified with Redox Probe Solution in Hydrophobic Polar Solvents