Secondary metabolites which are phenolic in chemical character, belong to the most widespread constituents of higher plants and their presence is believed to be largely responsible for beneficial influence on human health of various vegetal foods, herbs and spices. Modern pharmacognosy, backed up by sophisticated analytical techniques, allows to trace biological activity of individual secondary metabolites and consequently many of them became registered as drugs directly or after minor structural modifications. This review will concentrate on low molecular weight phenolics from such secondary metabolite categories as: phenolic acids, stilbenes, quinones, coumarins, anthocyanes, flavones, flavonolignans, isoflavones, catechines, curcuminoids and lignans. All these compounds share certain structural features, to which some general physicochemical characteristics is assigned – e.g. all of them are recognized as active anti-oxidants – a property desirable in food constituents, but hardly an asset in drug candidate. Remarkably, some of them also exhibit selective pharmacological activities, which make them widely accepted drug leads, with very convincing results in molecular pharmacology tests. However, although plant phenolics are generally biocompatible, their ADME properties are usually sub-optimal. We will review exemplary phenolics from natural sources and discuss their potential as future medicinal products, considering outcomes of their numerous clinical trials.

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