Phytic acid (IP6), a natural dietary component possesses promising cancer preventive and therapeutic activity, of which molecular mechanism remains unclear. Anticancer potential of IP6 has been linked to the modulation of many cellular processes, including its influence on the expression of cytokines. Interleukin-6 (IL-6) is a multifunctional cytokine that has both pro- and anti-inflammatory properties. In normal, adenomatous and cancerous human colon mucosa IL-6 mRNA is expressed at a low level. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of phytic acid on the expression of genes encoding IL-6 and its receptor IL-6R in human colorectal cancer cell line Caco-2. The cells were cultured in RPMI 1640 medium supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum, 100 U/ml penicilline and 100 μg/ml streptomycin. They were grown at 37°C as monolayers in a humidified atmosphere containing 5% CO₂. Cells were treated with 1, 2.5, 5 mM IP6 for 1, 6, 12 and 24 h. Total RNA was extracted from control and IP6 treated cells with the use of TRIZOL^® reagent according to the producer’s protocol. Quantification of the genes expression was performed by real time QRT-PCR using an Opticon™ DNA Engine Continuous Fluorescence detector (MJ Research, Watertown, MA). The results were recalculated per mg of total RNA. Statistical analysis was performed with the use of Statistica 8.0 software. Phytic acid at concentrations up to 2,5 mM, had no effect on the transcriptional activity of gene encoding IL-6 (p>0,05; ANOVA). After 24h, the expression of IL-6 mRNA was up-regulated in Caco-2 cells exposed to 5mM IP6 in comparison with control (p=0,0026; Tukey test). At 1h, there were no quantitative changes in the IL-6R gene expression in unstimulated and IP6-stimulated cells (p>0,05; ANOVA). The increase in transcriptional activity of IL-6R gene in response to 2,5 mM IP6 after 12h (p=0,0254) and 24 h (p=0,0002) was observed. Cells treated with 5mM IP6 at 6 - 24h showed a significant (p<0,05) increase in the expression of gene encoding IL-6 receptor. In conclusion, IP6 at physiological concentration (1 mM) in the intestinal lumen, failed to induce any alternations in IL-6 and IL-6R genes expression. The increase in IL-6 transcript level was evoked by 5 mM IP6 in the longest-lasting cultures. Along with the increasing IP6 doses and exposure time, Caco-2 cells expressed successively higher IL-6R transcript level.

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