Hydroxyapatite (HAp) - Ca₁₀(PO₄)₆(OH)₂ - is one of the most investigated materials for bone implants due to its suitable chemical composition and morphology which is very similar with mineralized bones of human tissues. Recently, it was reported that the biocompatible hydroxyapatite granules were successfully employed to fill the bone defects and that these defects were faster restored with HA granules of smaller diameters, in the micrometer scale.

Under these circumstances, the aim of this work was to find the optimal conditions regarding both deposition and annealing conditions for obtaining HAp coatings of tailored thickness, roughness, porosity and bioactivity. By using the sol–gel method, amorphous as well as crystalline coatings can be obtained with a very good control of the composition and stoichiometry. Spectroscopic ellipsometry in combination with Atomic Force Microscopy was used to characterize the structural and morphological properties of the HAp films deposited on Titanium and Titania buffer layers. Thus, it was found that the HAp films deposited directly on Ti are thicker, more porous, and exhibit surface deposits as well as pits. The films obtained by using a buffer layer of TiO₂ between the substrates and HAp, are thinner, less porous, with a uniform granular structure which was consistently characterized. For all samples, a low value of the annealing temperature determines the lowering of the surface roughness and porosity.

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