Antlers are an osseous structure characteristic of the Cervidae family. Roe deer antlers are composed of 44% organic and 56% inorganic compounds. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effect of total lipid content and five fatty acids – linoleic (C 18:2 Δ 9.12), oleic (C 18:1 Δ 9), palmitic (16:0), stearic (18:0) and eicosadienic (C 20:2 Δ 11.14) – on calcium (Ca) and fluoride (F) content in the skulls and antlers of 2 groups of roe deer (Capreolus capreolus L.). The first group comprises young deer (1–2 years) and the second comprises old deer (4–8 years). The obtained lipid extracts were used to measure total lipids using the spectrophotometric method, and the fatty acids were determined quantitatively using the gas chromatography technique with heptadecanoic acid (C 17:0) as the internal standard. Fluoride content was determined using the ion‑selective electrode method and calcium content was determined by atomic spectrometry absorption (ASA). The results were analysed statistically with STATISTICA 6.1 software using the Wilcoxon ranked pair test and the Mann-Whitney U‑test, and calculating the Spearman’s rank correlations. The summary of the study shows that subtle changes in the ratio of linoleic, oleic, palmitic and stearic acids have an effect on calcium and fluoride accumulation in the antlers and bones of young and old roe deer (Capreolus capreolus L.). They regulate the mineralisation process, the regeneration process, and the shedding and involution of antlers. In young animals, the calcification of antlers is stimulated by oleic acid and inhibited by palmitic acid. In old animals, oleic, palmitic, linoleic and stearic acids stimulate the antler involution process. There are no statistically significant changes in the content of fatty acids (linoleic, oleic, palmitic, stearic and eicosadienic), total lipids, or calcium and fluorides in the antlers or skull bones of roe‑deer (Capreolus capreolus L.) over the course of their lives. Only eicosadienic acid fails to correlate with the parameters tested, suggesting that it has no effect on the hard tissue metabolism of roe deer.

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