Carbon’s ability to hybridize as sp, sp² and sp³ bonds results in the formation of structures, such as fullerenes, nanotubes and nanofibers, nanoonions, nanocapsules, carbon nanospheres and nanoparticles (CNPs). Carbon nanoparticles have been of considerable research attention due to their intrinsic chemical and physical properties CNPs are different structures comparing to fullerenes or carbon nanoonions, because they have unclosed graphene layers. The semi-crystalline structure of carbon nanospheres reflects their unique properties: (i) low density, (ii) high porosity and surface area, and (iii) relatively high chemical and thermal stability. Carbon nanoshperes may find many prospective applications, e.g. as catalysts supports, lubricating agents, electrode materials, in hydrogen storage and in construction of advanced sensors.

In this paper we present detailed morphological and structural studies of carbon nanoparticles obtained from combustion synthesis of NaN₃/C_6­Cl₆ mixtures. High resolution scanning and electron microscopy as well as atomic force microscopy were applied for the morphology investigations. Raman spectroscopy and XRD diffraction revealed the structure of carbon nanoparticles. The results shows that carbon nanoparticles are hollow and 10-40 nm in diameter. Surprisingly, the hight of CNPs does not exceed 5 nm. It strictly suggests the very collapsed nature of the nanoparticles. Carbon nanoparticles exhibit the semi-crystalline character with local ordering between the unclosed graphene layers. The collapse structure of CNPs was also discussed in the terms of obtained structural parameters from Raman spectroscopy and XRD.

This work was supported by the Ministry of Science and Education through the Department of Chemistry, Warsaw University under Grant No. N204 096 31/2160. Author (M.B.) thanks DFG (grant nr DFG 436POL) and the Foundation for Polish Science (FNP) for the financial support.

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