Magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) are increasingly used in many biomedical applications including nuclei acids delivery. The aim of this study was to explore the potential of the plasmid DNA delivery to the primary fibroblasts using magnetic transfection complexes and gradient magnetic field, an approach known as magnetofection. The MNPs tested for size, shape, crystalline composition and magnetic behavior displayed suitable physicochemical properties for their potential use in magnetofection method. Magnetic transfection complexes formed by the self-assembly of MNPs, plasmid DNA and an enhancer allowed for rapid and efficient plasmid DNA delivery into primary mouse embryonic fibroblasts and porcine fetal fibroblasts upon application of an inhomogeneous magnetic field. Efficient transfection of these cells is important for the generation of induced pluripotent cells or cell transdifferentiation and the generation of transgenic animals. Magnetofection of the porcine and mouse fibroblasts with optimal magnetic lipoplexes resulted in improvement of the transfection efficiency in terms of the luciferase reporter gene expression and in the percent of the transfected cells as compared to lipofection. Magnetic cell labeling further increased the transfection efficacy. Specific labeling of the cell surface receptors of the mouse fibroblasts with magnetic nanoparticles, both in the adherent state and in suspension, resulted in 2-4-fold enhancement of transgene-expressing cells. Non-specific cell labeling had no effect on the efficacy of the reporter expression, despite the acquisition of similar magnetic moments per cell. In contrast to the mouse fibroblasts, in porcine fibroblasts, specific magnetic labeling of the cell surface receptors inhibited internalization and transfection efficacy. We suggest that magnetic labeling of cell-surface receptors in combination with magnetic field (nanomagnetic activation) can affect the receptor-mediated internalization of delivery vectors and be used to control nucleic acid delivery to cells.

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