Recently we have shown that bacterial cells can be electrochemically ”wired” to electrodes with flexible redox polymers e.g., poly(1-vinylimidazole)₁₂-[Os(4,4’-dimethyl-2,2’-dipyridyl)₂Cl₂]^2+/3+ and poly(vinylpyridine) [Os(N,N’-dimethyl-2,2’-biimidazole)₃]^2+/3+. Our initial studies¹ were made with the simple Gram-negative Gluconobacter oxydans, where we addressed redox enzymes from the cytoplasmic membrane yielding response for glucose, fructose, ethanol and glycerol. Later focus was on more complex Gram-negative Pseudomonas putida and P. fluorescens,^2,3 where response currents were obtained for substrates metabolised in the cytoplasmic membrane (glucose) and in the cytosol (phenol). Recently introduction of a cytochrome to the cytoplasmic membrane of E. coli facilitated the communication between E. coli cells and the redox polymers.⁴ In Gram-positive B. subtili ⁵ strain which overproduces complex II, current resonse has been improved several times although it was expected to be more difficult for the thick cell wall to permeate by rodox polymer. Another recent work that supports such a theory is a paper by Marshall and May⁶, who show that Gram-positive Thermincola ferriacetica strain Z-0001 readily can grow onto a graphite electrode and exhibit direct e^- transfer communication. Currently we are investigating Rhodobacter capsulatus, one of the most metabolic versatile bacteria in the nature, grown heterotrophically and successfully wired with poly (1-vinylimidazole) ₁₂-[Os(4,4’-dimethyl-2,2’bipyridyl)₂Cl]^2+/+, E°’= 200 mV vs. SCE⁷ in both batch and flow mode. More experiments are going on to establish the communication between phtoheterotrophicaly grown cells and the redox osmium polymers followed by electrode by using light as a energy source instead of any organic substrate.

References:

[1] I. Vostiar, et al., Electrochem. Commun. 6 (2004) 621-626.

[2] S. Timur, et al., Bioelectrochemistry 71 (2007) 38-45.

[3] S. Timur, et al., Electrochem. Commun. 9 (2007) 1810-1815.

[4] S. Alferov, et al. Electrochim. Acta 54 (2009) 4979-4984.

[5] V. Coman, et al, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 131 (2009) 16171-16176.

[6] C. W. Marshall, H. D. May, Energy Environ. Sci. 2 (2009) 699-705.

[7] M. N. Zafar et al.,Bioelectrochemistry 80(2001)38-42

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