This presentation will give an overview and discuss a series of anode and cathode reactions based on direct electron transfer between the biological component (enzyme/organelle/whole cell) and various electrodes for possible applications in biofuel cells. Cathode reactions will include those based on direct electron transfer between enzymes able to reduce oxygen directly to water such as the high potential blue multicopper oxidases (laccase and bilirubin oxidase) and electrodes [1]. Anode reactions will cover those based on direct electron transfer between both isolated redox enzymes (e.g., diaphorase, alcohol PQQ dehydrogenase, cellobiose dehydrogenase, hydrogenase [2,3]) and electrodes as well as direct electron transfer between bacteria and electrodes [4,5].

1. S. Shleev, J. Tkac, A. Christenson, T. Ruzgas, A. I. Yaropolov, J. Whittaker, L. Gorton, Biosens. Bioelectron., 20 (2005) 2517-2554.
2. E. E. Ferapontova, S. Shleev, T. Ruzgas, L. Stoica, A. Christenson, J. Tkac, A. I. Yaropolov, L. Gorton, in Electrochemistry of Nucleic Acids and Proteins (Eds. E. Palacek, F. W. Scheller, J. Wang), Elsevier, Amsterdam, 2005, pp. 517-598.
3. U. Wollenberger, in Biosensors and Modern Biospecific Analytical Techniques (Ed. L. Gorton), Elsevier, Amsterdam, 2005, pp. 65-130.
4. G. Reguera, K. D. McCarthy, T. Mehta, J. S. Nicoll, M. T. Tuominen, D. R. Lovley,   Nature, 435 (2005) 1098-1101.
5. F. Davis, S. P. J. Higson, Biosens. Bioelectron. 22 (2007) 1224-1235.

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1. Effect of deglycosylation of cellobiose dehydrogenase applied to 3rd generation biosensors and biofuel cells
2. Deglycosylation of glucose oxidase by PNGase F
3. Influence of metal cations on the turnover rate of cellobiose dehydrogenase
4. Electron transfer studies with different sugar oxidizing enzymes and osmium polymers to improve the current density
5. Gold nanoparticle-modified enzyme-based sugar and oxygen sensitive electrodes for biosensing and biofuel cell applications
6. Electrochemical communication between viable bacterial cells and flexible redox polymers
7. Direct electrochemistry of cellobiose dehydrogenase for applications in the third-generation biosensor and biofuel cell
8. Electrochemical Communication between Viable Bacterial Cells and Flexible Redox Polymers
9. Biosensing Applications Of Engineered Pyranose 2-oxidases Wired With Osmium Polymers
10. Increasing Biosensor Sensitivity by Length Fractionated Single Walled Carbon Nanotubes
11. Electrical Wiring of Living Bacillus subtilis Cells Using Flexible Osmium-Redox Polymers
12. Some electrochemical properties of laccase immobilised on the Au, IrO_x, or C₆₀-Pd polymer electrode supports
13. Oxygen electroreduction by fungal laccases - combination of electrochemical and spectral data
14. Wiring of whole living bacteria with osmium-redox polymers
15. The electrochemistry of a his-tagged microperoxidase assembled onto gold electrodes
16. Electron Transfer in Complex Two-cofactor-containing Enzymes at Alkanethiol-modified Gold Electrodes