The designed carbon bioelectrodes are based on the application of nanotubes with covalently bound ferrocene and ABTS as the anode and cathode mediators, respectively. Covalent binding to nanotubes allowed to eliminate leaching of the mediator to the solution – a difficulty often reported for soluble or adsorbed mediators. Laccase and glucose oxidase used as the biocatalysts were placed in lipid liquid crystalline film covering the electrode nanostructured with single-wall carbon nanotubes. The catalytic current of glucose oxidation was 1mA/cm² and oxygen reduction current exceeded 0.6mA/cm². The power output of the constructed biofuel cell was 100µW/cm² without stirring of the solution. Further improvement in the power output and stability of the biofuel cell requires work on enhancing the supply of oxygen to the electrode and searching of enzymes not requiring mediating units other than carbon nanotubes.

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