2D ellipsoid-like nanoplates of calcium niobates (CaNb₂O₆) were synthesized by controlling the reaction conditions, such as the pH, reaction time and temperature, via hyrothermal route without any surfactants or templates. The prepared powders were characterized using X-ray diffractometer (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Raman spectroscopy and UV-Vis spectroscopy. It was found that the nanoplates consisted of uniaxially aligned nanorods and can absorb the UV light with wavelengths less than 350 nm. Compared with a powder of the same material prepared by a solid-state reaction method, the 2D ellipsoid-like nanoplates exhibited a much higher photocatalytic activity for degradation of Rhodamine B dye solution under UV irradiation. The enhanced photocatalytic activity of the nanoplates was assigned to both higher optical absorption ability and higher BET surface area resulted from the reduced dimensionality.

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