Conjugated linoleic acid diens is a term used to describe positional and geometric isomers of linoleic acid with the presence of conjugated double bonds. The dietary sources of CLAs are above all animal fats, mainly the fats of meat (mainly beef) and milk products. CLAs are also formed during thermal processing of meat. The positive influence of CLAs on the reduction of the total body fat mass was used by the pharmaceutical industry for the production of products supporting weight reduction based on CLAs. Commercial sources of CLA predominantly contain cis-9, trans-11 (~40%) and trans-10, cis-12 (~40%) CLA isomers.

Reactive oxygen species are toxic products formed as a result of reduction of molecular oxygen in the cell. In monocytes, ROS sources are the mitochondrial electron transport chain, cyclooxygenases, lipooxygenases, cytochrome P-450 and NAD(P) oxidase. There are factors which protect cells from excessive oxidation: chemical antioxidants, and also enzymes – e.g. catalase (Cat), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), soperoxide dismutase SOD.

In macrophages (cells crucial for atherosclerotic process) cultured with CLA the activation of ROS generation, free radical peroxidation of arachidonic acid to isoprostanes and activation of apoptosis process was observed.

The aim of the study was to estimate the influence of main CLA isomers on the macrophage catalase and glutathione peroxidase activity.

THP-1 monocytes were treated with 100 nM PMA for 24 hr, then the adherent macrophages were washed three times with phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) and incubated with fatty acids for 48 hr at 37 ˚C. Fatty acids were added as 4 mM stock solution dissolved in 1 mM fatty acid free FBS. Isomers of CLA (cis-9, trans-11 & trans-10, cis-12) were used at final concentrations of 30 μM. The viability of cells was tested by trypan blue exclusion. After incubation cells were sonicated to homogenous suspension. In the suspension the catalase and glutathione peroxidase activity was estimated (by the spectrophotometric method). The protein concentration was measured by the Bradford method. For related samples significance was first checked with Friedman ANOVA, then significant results were subjected to the Wilcoxon matched-pair test. P<0.05 was considered significant.

In macrophages obtained from THP-1 fatty acids the activity of Cat and GPx were decreased after incubation with CLA (p<0.05). A significant fall in Cat activity 52 % as compared to control was noted for trans-10, cis-12 isomer, and 47 % for cis-9, trans-11 (both p<0.05).

A significant reduction in GPx activity - 49% (p<0.05) was also noted for trans-10, cis-12 CLA, and 57 % (p< 0.05) for cis-9, trans-11 CLA as compared to control.

CLAs may act as an inhibitor of catalase and glutathione peroxidase activity in macrophages, and can lead to impairment of their defence ability against prooxidative factors.

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