In this lecture we will present the structural and optical properties of ZnO nanorods grown by chemical vapor deposition (CVD) and wet-chemical syntheses. The CVD-growth is catalyzed by gold islands, pre-patterned on sapphire substrates by use of the nanosphere lithography (NSL) technique, resulting in laterally ordered ZnO nanowires of diameters less than 100 nm and a length of up to several micrometers. By modifying the NSL mask using annealing or chemical treatment, the holes between adjacent nanospheres can be reduced, which results in smaller, well-separated catalytic islands on the substrate. Tilting and turning the sample holder during catalyst evaporation produces many different structures. Rods grown by the wet chemical approach from zinc organics or zinc salts as precursors are much thinner with diameters less than 10 nm and aspect ratios up to 10. We show that the use of long-chain amines induces one-dimensional growth. Currently, we are carrying out doping experiments on both CVD and wet-chemical synthetic routes, to influence the conductivity, magnetism or luminescence of ZnO. We are going to present first results on these doped ZnO nanorods, which have potential applications as light emitting devices, sensors, bio-labels or piezoelectric devices. All produced rods are characterized structurally by electron microscopy (SEM, TEM, HRTEM) and optically by absorbance and photo-luminescence spectroscopy. Furthermore, we show results obtained by scanning near-field optical microscopy of the ZnO nanowires.

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