Refining grain size to the nanocrystalline level has been suggested as a way of improving strength while enhancing ductility and toughness. However, there is a serious problem with production of fully-dense bulk nanostructured materials. Conventional methods of powder consolidation cannot be employed for nanophase materials, because they involve high temperature (at least 0.6T_m, T_m is the melting temperature) for extended times.
The present work is a comprehensive overview of our efforts to produce of nanostructured bulk Ni₃Al intermetallic alloy by rolling at liquid nitrogen temperature to a high value of percentage cold work and subsequent annealing. This thermomechanical treatment results in a bimodal grain size distribution, with micrometre-sized grains embedded inside a matrix of nanocrystalline and ultrafine grains. Changes of microstructure during processing and mechanical properties of nanostructured bulk intermetallics are shown and discussed.

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