Optical ceramics are promising materials for utilization as phosphors, transparent armor, lamp envelopes, scintillation detectors, etc. Laser ceramics possess several advantages over traditional materials among which there are improved processability, lower cost of fabrication, wider range of compositions, higher doping concentration, and larger size of samples. Nd:Y₃Al₅O₁₂ (Nd:YAG) optical ceramics doped by trivalent rare earth ions is considered as promising material for high-power and ultrafast solid state laser, microchip lasers, etc. In this paper we present results of fabrication of highly-concentrated Nd:YAG transparent ceramic and characterization of its optical and laser properties.

Highly-concentrated Nd:YAG (1-4 at. %) optical ceramics has been produced by solid-state reactive sintering of fine oxide powders at the temperatures of 1600-1800 °С and vacuum of 10^-3-10^-5 Pa. Submicron Y₂O₃, Al₂O₃ and Nd₂O₃ powders were used as starting materials. The structural and phase state of laser ceramics depending fabrication conditions has been studied. The sintering trajectory of submicron powders will be presented. Influence of neodymium ions concentration on density, average grain size and lattice parameter will be discussed. The optical and luminescence properties, laser characteristics of sintered ceramics depending on neodymium ions concentration will be presented. The quasi-continuous laser operation of highly-concentrated Nd:YAG (1-4 at. %) ceramics will be presented. We will discuss the ways to improve the optical quality and lasing efficiency of the Nd:YAG ceramics samples.

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