Semiconducting metal oxide materials, such as TiO₂, SnO₂, In₂O₃ etc, play an important, steadily increasing role in almost all fields of electronics. Especially their application to gas sensors demand nanosize control strongly. In this case, nanoscale pure titanium dioxide with pertinent solid-state properties can be obtained by adopting hydrothermal treatments for the nanoprocessing of materials. On the other hand, the incorporation of catalytic additive has been a widely practiced method for tailoring the gas sensing characteristics. Depending on the element, the material processing and the fabrication of the device, it is possible to produce sensors with suitability improved for gas sensing.
In this work, hydrothermally treated TiO₂ has been modified with different transition metals (Co, Cu). The nanoparticles were calcined at several temperatures and characterised. The hydrothermal treatment stabilized the TiO₂ suppressing the thermal induced grain growth and shifting up the temperature of the anatase-to-rutile phase transformation. Besides the control of size and phase, the hydrothermal process highlighted how to obtain highly stable colloidal suspensions of titanium dioxide. Electrical measurement showed a particular behavior (n- or p-type) depending on the calcination or the operating temperature. We will discuss in more detail these features, together with structural characterization of the nanopowders.

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