Artificial and nature-derived materials, such as polymers, metals, ceramics, carbon-based materials and composites of these matrices, are widely used in various biotechnologies, including the construction of replacements of damaged tissues. For creation of advanced tissue replacements, the artificial materials should not be only passively tolerated by cells, but they should promote specific cell responses in a controllable manner. It is generally known that the cell-material interaction is strongly dependent on physical and chemical properties of the material surface, such as its polarity, wettability, roughness and topography, electrical charge and conductivity, rigidity or elasticity, presence of specific chemical functional groups or biomolecules etc. In our studies, we often concentrated on substrates with roughness and topography in nanoscale, namely materials coated with nanocrystalline diamond films, nanocomposite hydrocarbon plasma polymer films with various concentrations of Ti, gold nanoparticle films, or composites of synthetic polymers with carbon nanotubes or ceramic nanoparticles (hydroxyapatite or tricalciumphosphate). The materials promoted the adhesion, growth and osteogenic differentiation of human bone-derived cells in vitro, represented by osteoblast-like MG 63 cells. A possible explanation is a favourable effect of the substrate nanostructure, which promotes the adsorption of cell adhesion-mediating extracellular matrix molecules (e.g., vitronectin, fibronectin, collagen, laminin) in an appropriate spectrum.

Supported by the Academy of Sciences of the CR (grants No. KAN101120701, KAN400480701, IAA400320901, IAAX00100902), the Grant Agency of the CR (grant No. 106/09/1000), the Ministry of Industry and Trade of the CR (grant No. 2A-1TP1/073), and the Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports of the CR (Grant No. 2B06173)

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