The prevalence of proinflammatory over anti-inflammatory cytokines has been claimed as an important factor in the development of IBD. Therefore we investigated IFNγ, TNF, IL-1β, IL-12, IL-18 and IL-10 gene expression in biopsies from involved and unchanged mucosa of IBD patients and cytokines serum levels. After isolation of total mRNA from biopsies amount of respective mRNAs was determined by RT-PCR through the measurements of PicoGreen-fluorescence amplification products. The results are expressed as the percentage of B-actin mRNA amount determined in the same biopsy. Serum concentrations of cytokines were determined by ELISA. Patients were divided into three groups: ulcerative colitis (UC, n=32), Crohn’s disease (CD, n=12) and controls (n=15).
The relative mRNA contents of IFNγ, IL-12 and IL-10 were significantly higher in the mucosa of CD than UC and control patients. The up-regulation of IL-1β gene expression was similar in CD and UC. The mRNA content of TNF and IL-18 was similar in all groups. Serum concentration of IL-10 was higher in UC and CD than in controls, IL-1β was undetectable, and serum levels of IFNγ, TNF, IL-12 and IL-18 were similar in all groups.
Conclusion. IBD is associated with increased mucosal expression of some proinflammatory cytokines as well as anti-inflammatory IL-10. The up-regulation of IL-12, an important differentiation factor that drives immune response into Th1 type, in CD but not in UC suggests that different immune mechanisms become activated in the pathogenesis of the two major forms of inflammatory bowel disease.

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