Vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) is the abnormal backflow of urine from the bladder into the ureter and up to the kidney. The endoscopic injection of bulking agents for correction of VUR is an outpatient procedure used to correct reflux in children. Calcium phosphate (CaP) pastes  have been in clinical use. Most of these materials have been claimed to be injectable. However, most surgeons complain that CaP pastes poorly injectable .In the present study, we evaluated a new CaP paste as a potential injectable bulking agent for the injection therapies.

The calcium phosphate paste used in this study was prepared by mixing hydroxyapatite (HA), polyethylene glycol 400 (PEG 400), glycerol and ringer solution. HA was synthesized and other materials was commercially obtained. The synthesized HA with two kinds of particle size prepared as solid phase. Two liquid compositions were obtained and used as liquid phase of the paste. The paste was obtained by mixing the powder (P) to the two liquids (L) at P/L ratio 1.

The results of the rheological test showed that the paste containing of PEG 400 was less sensitive to the rate of shear and had much more viscosity. Also injectability results containing of PEG 400 showed that a filterpressing phenomenon was happened but the paste containing of glycerol had a good injectability and require less force for injection. Also, it was found that the injectability of a new CaP paste can be improved by using of glycerol. It has the potential to be delivered through needles and applicators for practices that involve minimally invasive methods.

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1. Glutaraldehyde cross-linked gelatin/hydroxyapatite nanocomposite scaffold, engineered via compound techniques