Treatment station of waste effluents at the Brazilian automotive industry obtains a considerable quantity of solid residues, which contain some heavy metal silicates. Those residues can be industrially recycled by their insertion in clays, in which they can become inert. In this work, samples of solid industrial residues were characterized by thermogravimetric analysis (TG), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS) and infrared absorption spectroscopy by Fourier transformed (FT-IR). The main elements presents in the samples were Ca, Mg, Ni and Zn. The residues were then mixed with Brazilian shale and quartz. The effect of the residues in the clay properties was analyzed by FT-IR spectroscopy and X-rays powder diffraction. In the IR region of 780 cm^-1  to 1010 cm^-1 were detected peaks of heavy metal silicates. X-ray powder diffraction data were collected with a Rigaku MultiFlex difractometer with a fixed monocromator. The experimental conditions were: 40kV, 20mA, 10^o < 2θ < 100^o, Δ2θ = 0.02^o, λCuKα, divergence slit = 0.5^o, reception slit = 0.3 mm and step time 5 s. A quantitative analysis of the samples with and without residues was performed by the Rietveld method using the refinement program GSAS. The refinement results and Fourier differences calculations indicate that the metal atoms occupy intersticial and substitutional sites in the clay cristaline structure. This explains the results of leaching tests, in which no detectable amounts of heavy metal were found.

References:

A.C. Larson, R.B. Von Dreele, Los Alamos National Laboratory. Los Alamos, EUA. Copyright, 1985–2000, The Regents of the University of California, 2001.

Acknowledgments: Mackpesquisa, CAPES

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