Whereas an increasingly wide array of battery technologies are available for use at conventional temperatures, there are still only a limited number of battery technologies that can be used in power sources for higher temperature applications. This presentation will review the strengths and weaknesses of the commercially available primary battery systems that can operate at high temperatures, above 80 C. Included among these are the lithium oxyhalide cells, which can deliver low to moderately high currents from room temperature up to as high as 200 C, and the thermal batteries, which can deliver extremely high currents, but only at very high temperatures (>250 C). We will discuss issues of passivation and self-discharge that can limit the useful life of the oxyhalide cells at higher temperatures, particularly in cases where the cells are exposed to high temperatures for periods of months or years. We will also describe versions of these cells that use lithium alloys to increase the maximum operating temperature, but at the cost of decreased performance at lower temperatures.

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