The development of advanced materials for energy storage and conversion has been receiving wide attention to meet the rising demand of clean energy technologies. In particular a great effort is being devoted towards the improvement of electrochemical power sources performance, in particular rechargeable lithium ion batteries and low temperature fuel cells, through the investigation of nanostructured bi or multicomponent alloys for electrodes and electrocatalysts respectively. Besides the enhanced electrochemical reactivity related to the thermodynamic metastability, their structural features could offer several advantages as, for instance, short path length for electronic and cation transport, higher electrodes or electrocatalysts active specific area, which can result in higher capacity and power density.

Mechanochemical synthesis by ball milling is recognised as a powerful technique for the preparation of a variety of metastable materials including nanostructured as well as amorphous and quasicrystalline phases. Along this line in this contribution we present the synthesis by mechanical processing and the electrochemical properties of different nanocrystalline alloys: tin based alloys and LiFePO₄ were studied as Li ion battery anode and cathode materials, while PtCo systems were taken into account as electrocatalysts in fuel cells electrode processes. Through a detailed structural and thermodynamic characterization, we try to optimize the microstructural features to improve the electrochemical performances.

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