We report approaches to grow self-organized high aspect ratio titanium oxide nanotubes. Key to obtain highly defined tubes by simple anodization is an optimized and controlled treatment of Ti in fluoride containing solutions. In general, the morphology of porous TiO2 and of the tubular layers is affected strongly by the electrochemical parameters such as solution pH and anodization voltage. By optimizing the local electrochemical conditions within the tubes layers consisting of highly ordered TiO2 nanotubes with a length of several 100 micrometers can be grown on Ti surfaces. The diameters that can be obtained range from 20 nm to 200nm - typical wall thicknesses are in the range of 10-20 nm (1-3). Titanium dioxide is a highly functional material that has numerous interesting properties, for example, in solar energy conversion, catalysis of the decomposition of organic compounds (self-cleaning), wettability and biocompatibility. Therefore this simple approach to produce this highly defined nanoscopic form of TiO2 bears a high potential for technological exploitation. Due to the wide range of applications the feasibility to produce self-organized TiO2 nanotubular nanostructures have received huge scientific and also significant technological interest. We have recently shown that these nanotubular structures show significant conversion efficiencies, when dye-sensitized (4), can be used as a matrix for hydroxyapatite formation to achieve osseointegration with bones (5), show extremely enhanced visible photoresponse after N-doping (6), can be used as a highly efficient photocatalyst (7) as a catalyst carrier for Pt/Ru nanoparticles for methanol electrooxidation (8) or as a template for Cu deposition (9). Further, they show ability to change their hydrophobic/hydrophilic behaviour (10). The presentation will address particularly the fabrication of free standing nanotube membrane (11) and size sensitive interactions of biological cells with the nanotubes surface (12).

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1. Photo-Electrochemical Investigation of Self-Organized TiO₂ Nanotubes
2. Anodic titanium oxide nanotube coating for biomedical applications
3. Formation of oxide nanotube layers on titanium alloys