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6 Million Pixels for Advanced Diffraction Studies: the PILATUS 6M

Miroslav Kobas ,  Christian Broennimann 

Swiss Light Source, Paul Scherrer Institute, Villigen PSI 5232, Switzerland

Abstract
A novel x-ray detector has been developed at the Paul Scherrer Institut for protein crystallography at the Swiss Light Source (SLS). The PILATUS 6M detector is a two-dimensional hybrid pixel array detector, which operates in single-photon counting mode [1]. It consists of 2527 x 2463 pixels with a pixel size of 0.172 mm. The basic building block consists of a module with 487 x 195 pixels. The 6M detector is composed of 60 modules arranged in 12 banks each containing 5 modules. The total active area amounts to 424 x 435 mm2.

This detector features several advantages compared to current state-of-the-art CCD and imaging plate detectors. The main features include: no readout noise, superior signal-to-noise ratio, a point spread function of one pixel, readout time of 4 ms, framing time of 80 ms, a dynamic range of 1:1'048'576, high detective quantum efficiency (100%-50% from 8-16 keV) and the possibility to suppress fluorescence by an energy threshold. This energy threshold can be set individually for each pixel with a precision of 50 eV. The short readout and fast framing time allow to take diffraction data in fine-phi-slicing mode with continuous rotation of the sample without opening and closing the shutter for each frame.

The high dynamic range of the PILATUS detector makes it possible to acquire simultaneously weak and strong diffraction phenomena of high quality. The superior signal-to-noise ratio enables the detection of very weak diffraction signals like diffuse scattering. The impressive speed of up to 12 Hz for the complete 6M detector and up to 400 Hz for a single module allows to carry out time-resolved experiments.

Results from various x-ray experiments are presented, including diffraction data from protein and aperiodic crystals, as well as results from diffuse scattering and x-ray absorption experiments. All data have been collected at the X06SA and X05LA beamline of the SLS.

[1] Broennimann, Ch. et al., J. Synchrotron Rad., 2006, 13, 120-130.

 

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Presentation: Invited at E-MRS Fall Meeting 2007, Symposium I, by Miroslav Kobas
See On-line Journal of E-MRS Fall Meeting 2007

Submitted: 2007-05-14 11:52
Revised:   2009-06-07 00:44