The properties of iron oxides (hematite α-Fe₂O₃, magnetite Fe₃O₄ and maghemite γ-Fe₂O₃) make them important materials for biomedical applications. Magnetite and maghemite are a spinel but hematite is organized like a corrindon. These iron oxides can be obtained by direct coprecipitation or physical methods, like nanopowders or thin films. This work aims to establish and to optimize the conditions for chemical syntesis of nano-sized magnetic iron oxide powders with desired magnetic properties. We have obtained iron oxides by chemical coprecipitation using mixed ferric and ferrous salts, because is enabling synthesis at low-temperature, low costs, high material purity and nanostructure control. For biomedical applications like magnetic biofunctional material vectors to target tissues, the iron oxide particles obtained have to be spherical with 10 nm average diameter. Magnetic properties obtained (saturation magnetization M_s and coercitivity field H_c) are proper for superparamagnetic character of these nanoparticles. After synthesis, we have used the best iron oxide nanoparticles obtained to produce some nanocomposite systems with polyvinilic alochol (PVA) and polypyrrole (PPy). The structure of nanoparticles obtained was investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD), fluorescence X-ray spectrometry (XRF), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM). Magnetic properties were determined with vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM). Nanocomposite systems with iron oxides were characterized with UV-Vis absorbance spectroscopy, AFM or scanning electron microscopy (SEM) techniques.

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1. A Low Temperature Synthesis of CoFe₂O₄ Ferrite