In situ AFM allows studying the electrochemical conversion of sub-micrometer size solid particles immobilized on the surface of electrodes. The reaction pathways considerably differ depending on the reaction and on the chemical composition of the solid particle. We have studied the electrochemical reduction of PbO to Pb [1], the reductive dissolution of FeOOH [2], the oxidation of Ag nanoparticles to silver halide particles [3], the reduction of Ag(I) and Hg(I) halide crystals [4], and the reduction of Ag₂S crystals [5]. Additionally we have studied the chemical oxidation of Ag to particles to AgBr [6]. Whereas the reduction of PbO to Pb is a topotactic reaction starting at the three-phase boundary solution|solid|electrode, the reduction of Ag₂S to Ag proceeds via a very soft amorphous particle, and the oxidation of silver particles to silver halides proceeds via oversaturated silver halide solutions. The latter reactions exhibit features of double nucleation-growth reactions [7].

[1] U. Hasse, F. Scholz: Electrochem. Commun. 3 (2001) 429-434.

[2] U. Hasse, J. Nießen, F. Scholz: J. Electroanal. Chem., 556 (2003) 13-22 .

[3] U. Hasse, F. Scholz: Electrochem. Commun. 6 (2004) 409-412.

[4] U. Hasse, K. Wagner, F. Scholz: J. Solid State Electrochem. 8 (2004)

842-853.

[5] U. Hasse, F. Scholz: Electrochem. Commun. 7 (2005) 173-176.

[6] U. Hasse, F. Scholz, Electrochem. Commun. 8 (2006) 1005-1010.

[7] U. Hasse, S. Fletcher, F. Scholz: J. Solid State Electrochem. 10 (2006)

833-840

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