Hypochlorous acid released from activated polymorphonuclear neutrophils under pathological conditions is thought to be the major source of reactive chlorine species in vivo and may cause modifications of biological macromolecules at the site of inflamation. Its reactions with free amino acids in human plasma yields chloramines of amino acids which are known to have oxidative action and take part in chlorine transfer.

The aim of this study was to examine the functional disorders in A549 cells (human non-small lung cancer cells line) after 24-h incubation with monochloroamino acids (alanine, lysine, serine, aspartic acid, phanylalanine) and hypochlorite in the concentration range of 125-500 µM. Morphological changes were observed for all chloro derivatives studied at the highest concentration used, as a shift in the side / forward scattering ratio (SSC/FSC) by flow cytometry. The decrease of mitochondrial potential determined with rhodamine 123 was concentration-dependent and exceed 60% after treatment with 500 µM chloro derivatives. The reduction of the number of cells in the G2/M phase was accompanied by an increase in the content of low-molecular weight DNA fragments. The fractions of apoptotic and necrotic cells, detected by double staining with acridine orange and ethidium bromide, increased with increasing concentration of chloroamino acids and hypochlorite. These resultes indicate that monochloroamino acids, like hypochlorite, alter the morphology and trigger apoptosis of A549 cells.

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